Competencias éticas en la práctica profesional de las/los trabajadoras/es sociales con personas mayores
Resumen
El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar los resultados sobre una subescala suministrada a trabajadores sociales, en Portugal, que intervienen con personas mayores y que evalúa las competencias de estos acerca de los «Valores, éticas y perspectivas teóricas». El estudio, además de analizar la estructura factorial y las propiedades psicométricas de la subescala, compara las puntuaciones medias con las de otros países. La investigación se hizo con las/los trabajadoras/es sociales que asumen funciones de liderazgo en las respuestas sociales dirigidas a personas mayores (n = 387). Los resultados indican una estructura bifactorial (competencias transversales versus competencias especializadas sobre la práctica profesional), y que explica aproximadamente el 64,72% de la varianza. La consistencia interna fue de 0,90 (α de Cronbach). Las diferencias de las medias encontradas, que son superiores en Portugal, especialmente en las competencias transversales que conducen a la integración de los valores y las éticas en la práctica profesional, nos llevan a considerar que, a pesar de la ausencia de un código de ética portugués, el proyecto educativo y profesional está basado en la centralidad de los valores y de la ética.Palabras clave
éticas, valores, trabajo social, competencia profesionalCitas
Addams, Jane (1902). Democracy and Social Ehics. New York: The Macmillan Co.
Addams, Jane (1910). Twenty Years at Hull-House with Autobiographical Notes. New York: The Macmillan Co.
Addams, Jane (1930). The second twenty years at Hull-House. New York: The Macmillan Co.
Age UK (2011). Grey Matters – A Survey of Ageism across Europe: EU briefing and policy recommendations. London: Age UK. Available at: http://www.ageuk.org.uk/Documents/EN-GB/For-professionals/ageism_across_europe_report.pdf?dtrk=true
Aiduk, Toni (2010). «Geriatric Competency, Training, and Services: Surveying a Local Aging Access Point». The Undergraduate Review, 6, 8–14.
Amaro, Maria Inês (2008). «Os campos paradigmáticos do serviço social: proposta para uma categorização das teorias em presença». Locus SOCI@L, (1), 65–80. Retrieved from http://locussocial.cesss-ucp.com.pt/page4/files/page4_13.pdf
Ballestero, Alberto; Úriz, María-Jesús y Viscarret, Juan-Jesús (2012). «Dilemas éticos de las trabajadoras y los trabajadores sociales en España». Papers, 97(4): 875–98. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/papers/v97n4.283
Banks, Sarah (1997). Ética y valores en el trabajo social. Barcelona: Paidós.
Bisman, Cynthia (2004). «Social Work Values: The Moral Core of the Profession». British Journal of Social Work, 34, 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bch008
Bonifas, Robin, & Simons, Kelsey (2014). «An Examination of the Factor Structure of the Hartford Geriatric Social Work Competency Scale-II Assessment and Intervention Subscales». Educational Gerontology, 40(9), 700–712. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2013.875378
Branco, Francisco (2009). «A Profissão de Assistente Social em Portugal». Locus Social, 3, 61–89. http://www.locussocial.cesss-ucp.com.pt/page7/files/artigo-007c-paper-branco_ls00233.pdf
Butler, Robert (1969). «Age-Ism: Another Form of Bigotry». The Gerontologist, 9(4 Part 1), 243–246. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/9.4_Part_1.243
Butler, Robert (1989). «Dispelling Ageism: The Cross-Cutting Intervention». The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science The Quality of Aging: Strategies for Interventions, 503, 138–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716289503001011
Carvalho, Maria (2016). Ética Aplicada ao Serviço Social: Dilemas e Práticas Profissionais. Lisboa: Pactor - Edições de Ciências Sociais, Forenses e de Educação.
Clifford, Derek y Burke, Beverley (2007). «Competence in Social Work Ethics». En: O’Hagan, Kieran (ed.). Competence in Social Work Practice A Practical Guide for Students and Professionals. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Crampton, Alexandra (2011). «Population Aging and Social Work Practice with Older Adults: Demographic and Policy Challenges». International Social Work, 54 (3), 313-329. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872810396257
CSWE (2012). Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards». https://cswe.org/getattachment/Accreditation/Standards-and-Policies/2008-EPAS/2008EDUCATIONALPOLICYANDACCREDITATIONSTANDARDS(EPAS)-08-24-2012.pdf.aspx
CSWE (2015). «Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards». https://www.cswe.org/getattachment/Accreditation/Accreditation-Process/2015-EPAS/2015EPAS_Web_FINAL.pdf.aspx
Damron-Rodriguez, JoAnn; Volland, Patricia; Wright, Elizabeth y Hooyman, Nancy (2009). «Competency-Based Education: Implications of the Hartford Geriatric Social Work Approach». En: Hooyman, Nancy (Ed.), Transforming Social Work Education: The First Decade of the Hartford Geriatric Social Work. Arlington, Virginia: Council on Social Work Education Press.
Daniel, Fernanda; Antunes, Ana y Amaral, Inês (2015). «Representações Sociais da Velhice». Análise Psicológica, 33(3). https://doi.org/10.14417/ap.972
Dolgoff, Ralph; Harrington, Donna y Loewenberg, Frank (2012). Ethical decisions for Social Work Practice. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Empowerment Series.
Faleiros, Vicente (2014). «O serviço social no cotidiano: fios e desafios». Serviço Social & Sociedade (120), 706-722.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-6628.006
Galambos, Colleen; Curl, Angela y Woodbury, Karen (2014). «Research Note—Testing for Gerontological Competencies: A Pilot Study». Journal of Social Work Education, 50, 191-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2014.856237
Galambos, Collen y Curl, Angela (2013). «Developing Gerontological Competency: A Curriculum Approach». Gerontology & Geriatrics Education, 34(3), 309–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701960.2013.782301
Hall, Nigel (2009). «News and Views … from IFSW». International Social Work, 52(6), 848–851. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872809348550
Hazan, Haim (1994). Old age: constructions and deconstructions. New York: Cambridge University Press
Holloway, Margaret y Taplin, Sue (2013). «Editorial». British Journal of Social Work, 43(2), 203–215. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bct029
Hübner, Lena (2014). «Constructing relations in social work: client, customer and service user? The application and relevance of the term user in social work discourse». Nordic Social Work Research, 4(2), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/2156857X.2013.867894
IBM SPSS. (2011). IBM SPSS Statistics 20 Algorithms. Retrieved from ftp://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/analytics/spss/documentation/statistics/20.0/en/client/Manuals/IBM_SPSS_Statistics_Algorithms.pdf
Instituto Nacional de Estatística (2012). «Censos 2011 - Resultados Definitivos – Portugal». Lisboa: Instituto Nacional de Estatística, I.P.
ISS – Instituto da Segurança Social (2007). «Manual de Processos-chave: Estrutura residencial para idosos».
Jirásek, Ivo y Veselský, Pavel (2013). «The understanding of death in social work in the Czech Republic during the socialist era and in the era of consumerism through heideggers authenticity». British Journal of Social Work, 43(2), 394–410. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bct012
Levy, Becca y Banaji, Mahzarin (2002). «Implicit Ageism». En: Nelson, Todd (Ed.), Ageism: Stereotyping and Prejudice against Older Persons. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Lloyd, Liz; Tanner, Denise; Milne, Alisoun; Ray, Mo; Richards, Sally; Sullivan, Mary Pat; Beech, Christian y Phillips, Judith (2014). «Look after Yourself: Active Ageing, Individual Responsibility and the Decline of Social Work with Older People in the UK». European Journal of Social Work, 17 (3), 322-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2013.829805
McLaughlin, Hugh (2009). «What’s in a Name: “Client”, “Patient”, “Customer”, “Consumer”, “Expert by Experience”, “Service User”- What’s Next?» British Journal of Social Work, 39(6), 1101–1117. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcm155
Minayo, Maria y Coimbra, Jr. (2002). «Entre a Liberdade e a Dependência: reflexões sobre o fenômeno social do envelhecimento». En: Minayo, Maria; Coimbra, Jr. (Eds.), Antropologia, saúde e envelhecimento Rio de Janeiro: Editora FioCruz. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2004000400032
Ministério das Obras Públicas, Comércio e Indústria (1896). «Censo Da População Do Reino de Portugal: N.º 1 de Dezembro de 1890 - Volume I». Lisboa: Imprensa Nacional.
Morin, Edgar y Mamou, Yves (2001). «Continuum des vies et discontinuité sociale». Retraite et Société, 3 (34), 166-173. https://www.cairn.info/revue-retraite-et-societe1-2001-3-page-166.htm
Mouro, Helena (2013). «Envelhecimento, Políticas de Intervenção Social». En: Carvalho, Maria Irene (Ed.), O Serviço Social no Envelhecimento. Lisboa: Pactor - Edições de Ciências Sociais, Forenses e de Educação.
Muniz, Paulo Henrique (2012). «O Estudo da Morte e Suas Representações Socioculturais Simbólicas e Espaciais». Varia Scientia, 6(12): 159–69.
Nelson, Todd (2011). «Ageism: The Strange Case of Prejud.ice Against the Older You». En: Wiener, Richard; Willborn, Steven (Eds.), Disability and Aging Discrimination: Perspectives in Law and Psychology. New York: Springer Science+Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6293-5
Netto, José (2001). «A Construção do Projeto Ético-Político do Serviço Social». En: Serviço Social e Saúde: Formação e Trabalho Profissional. São Paulo: Cortez Editora.
Nunnally, Jum; Bernstein, Ira (1994). Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw Hill.
Palmore, Erdman (1999). Ageism: Negative and Positive. Broadway, New York: Springer Publishing Company, Inc.
Payne, Malcon (2002). Teoria do Trabalho Social Moderno. Coimbra: Quarteto.
Peterson, David (1999). «Personnel to Serve the Aging in the Field of Social Work: Implications for Educating Professionals». Educating Social Workers Serving the Elderly, 412–415.
Rosen, Anita; Zlotnik, Joan Levy; Curl, Angela y Green, Roberta (2000). «CSWE SAGE-SW National Competencies Survey and Report». Washington, DC: Council on Social Work Education.
Santos, Boaventura Sousa (1995). A Construção Multicultural da Igualdade e da Difernça. En: VII Congresso Brasileiro de Sociologia (pp. 1–61). Rio de Janeiro: Oficina do CES n.o 35.
Schram, Sanford (2002). Praxis for the Poor: Piven and Cloward and the Future of Social Science in Social Welfare. Nueva York: New Yor University Press.
Serafim, Maria do Rosário (2004). «O reconhecimento da condição ética dos cidadãos: um imperativo para o serviço social». Intervenção Social, 29, 25-52.
Sormanti, Mary (2008). Bereavement Practice. En: Mizrahi, Terry; Davis (Eds.), The encyclopedia of social work. 20th ed. (pp. 192–195). New York: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/OBO/9780195389678-0117
Sousa, Isabel (2015). «Serviço Social em Debate: Que Referênciais Genéricos?» Intervenção Social, 45(42/45), 11–23.
Tuncay, Tarik y Duyan, Veli (2015). «Turkish Adaptation of the Geriatric Social Work Competency Scale in a Group of Social Work Bachelor Students». Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 18(1), 60–67.
United Nations, Departmente of Economic and Social Affairs (2015). «World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Key Findings and Advance Tables» (241 No. ESA/P/WP).
Wilson, Kate; Ruch, Gillian; Lymbery, Mark y Cooper, Andrew (2008). Social Work: An introduction to contemporary practice. Harlow: Pearson Education Lim
World Health Organization. (2005). Envelhecimento ativo: uma política de saúde. Brasília: Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde
WVS (2014). «906–WVS201 World Values Survey Wave 6 2010-2014». World Values Survey Association. http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org
Publicado
Descargas
Derechos de autor 2018 Fernanda Bento Daniel, Rosa Monteiro, Ferreira Jorge, Pablo Álvarez-Pérez
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
