El uso de diagramas de satisfacción vital y parrillas biográficas como herramientas híbridas para la obtención de datos secuenciales
Resumen
En el artículo se describen las características de dos tipos de herramientas híbridas útiles para la obtención conjunta de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, se revisa el tipo de uso que han tenido en trabajos publicados precedentemente y se identifican las ventajas e inconvenientes de su uso. Estos dos tipos de herramientas son los diagramas de satisfacción vital y las parrillas biográficas. Ambos tipos de diagramas fueron originariamente diseñados como instrumentos de obtención de datos cuantitativos en el marco de la investigación sobre el curso de vida y posteriormente han pasado a ser utilizados también como herramientas híbridas y como herramientas únicamente cualitativas. Ambos tipos de diagramas son evaluados principalmente a partir del uso realizado por el autor en investigaciones en las que ha participado. Las principales ventajas identificadas pueden resumirse en dos puntos: 1) la facilidad para obtener una representación fidedigna de hechos complejos, y 2) la posibilidad de estimular la reflexión personal a partir de dicha representación. Se identifica también una limitación principal común para los dos tipos de diagramas: pueden ser difíciles de entender, a menos que las personas entrevistadas reciban una explicación clara sobre cómo utilizarlos. En cualquier caso, este tipo de diagramas constituyen un puente entre la perspectiva del curso de vida y la investigación con métodos mixtos, una combinación muy poco tratada en la literatura metodológica.
Palabras clave
herramientas híbridas, perspectiva del curso de vida, métodos mixtos, datos secuenciales, entrevistas biográficas, investigación mixta, perspectiva longitudinalCitas
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