Ajornar l’arribada del primer fill? Un estudi qualitatiu sobre les percepcions entorn de l’endarreriment de la fecunditat
Resum
En un escenari de fecunditat molt baixa entre les baixes com l’espanyol, caracteritzat per una transició a l’ajornament en la tinença del primer fill, aquest article aborda les percepcions i les valoracions més rellevants que estarien influint en el retard de la tinença del primer fill entre les persones de 25 a 45 anys residents a la Comunitat de Madrid. A partir de la teoria del comportament planificat (TPB) aplicada a l’àmbit de les decisions reproductives, i mitjançant els resultats de 16 entrevistes en profunditat realitzades el 2017 a dones i homes, s’indaga si la percepció d’efectes negatius esperats, de pressions socials normatives i la dependència de circumstàncies externes incideixen directament sobre la intenció d’ajornar la tinença del primer fill. Amb la integració d’aportacions rellevants de la literatura sobre els determinants de la fecunditat, s’aporta evidència qualitativa dels factors que incideixen sobre aquest retard. La percepció de penalització per a la dona en l’àmbit laboral remunerat associada a l’arribada dels fills —especialment en relació amb l’ascens i la progressió professional—, la percepció de costos personals en termes d’oci i llibertat de moviment, i el fet de no assolir l’estabilitat econòmica considerada com a idònia per a la criança dels fills fins a edats tardanes estarien incidint en l’endarreriment de la tinença del primer fill. La pressió social normativa tindria menor incidència, mentre que l’alta valoració atribuïda a l’autonomia individual estaria influint en les intencions d’ajornament.Paraules clau
ajornament de la fecunditat, ajornament de la maternitat, baixa fecunditat, teoria del comportament planificat, intencions reproductives, penalització per maternitat, segona transició demogràfica, valors, entrevistes qualitatives en profunditatReferències
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Drets d'autor (c) 2021 Viviana González Hincapié, María Teresa López López
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