Desigualtat horitzontal en la transició a l’educació secundària superior a Espanya
Resum
La teoria de la desigualtat efectivament mantinguda postula que la reducció de la desigualtat vertical després de l’expansió d’un nivell educatiu es veurà compensada per un augment de la desigualtat horitzontal. Encara que aquesta teoria ha estat intensament estudiada en diversos països, amb prou feines ha estat explorada en el cas espanyol. Per omplir aquest buit, utilitzo dades de l’Enquesta de transició educativa-formativa i inserció laboral i analitzo la mostra d’estudiants que van acabar l’educació secundària obligatòria el 2001, just després de l’expansió de l’educació secundària superior a Espanya. Estudio dues formes de desigualtat horitzontal: el tipus d’ensenyament cursat (que inclou la modalitat preferida en l’itinerari acadèmic) i el temps invertit en la finalització de l’itinerari acadèmic. Demostro que la saturació del batxillerat en l’elecció davant la formació professional va desencadenar desigualtats substancials en la preferència per les modalitats de batxillerat més atractives: els estudiants d’extracció social alta van preferir Ciències Naturals i Tecnologia, mentre que els estudiants desfavorits van preferir Ciències Socials, Arts i Humanitats. Al seu torn, la desigualtat en el temps invertit en la finalització del batxillerat és majoritàriament vertical, ja que els dos resultats més probables per a tots els grups socioeconòmics són acabar el batxillerat en dos anys o no acabar-lo.
Paraules clau
desigualtat efectivament mantinguda , desigualtat horitzontal, transicions educatives, educació secundària superior, itinerari acadèmic , itinerari professionalReferències
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