L’estudi de vinyeta per a l’anàlisi de les contractacions laborals: una perspectiva crítica
Resum
Un estudi de vinyeta és, en essència, una enquesta dissenyada ad hoc consistent a avaluar escenaris ficticis per part de les persones enquestades, de tal manera que d’aquesta avaluació es puguin inferir opinions o actituds que en enquestes tradicionals no solen sortir a la llum. Els seus avantatges principals són dos: en primer lloc, que, en virtut del disseny de l’enquesta, s’eliminen les correlacions existents entre variables que sempre es donen en poblacions reals, la qual cosa permet desentranyar millor els efectes d’aquestes variables; i, en segon lloc, que les persones enquestades responen indirectament a les preguntes de recerca, per la qual cosa aquesta tècnica tracta d’eliminar biaixos de desitjabilitat social. Després de revisar les característiques bàsiques de la tècnica, l’article planteja la seva utilitat des d’un punt de vista crític en relació amb els aspectes següents: amb els biaixos de desitjabilitat social, amb el fet de plantejar situacions hipotètiques i no analitzar comportaments reals i, sobretot, amb la seva validesa externa quan s’aplica a col·lectius molt concrets (o fins a quin punt es poden generalitzar els resultats d’aquesta mena d’estudis).
Paraules clau
vinyeta, estudis de vinyeta, discriminació, gènere, validesa interna, validesa externa, enquestes factorials, estudi factorialReferències
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Drets d'autor (c) 2022 Juan Ignacio Martínez Pastor, Irina Fernánez Lozano
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