Social capital and political networks of migrant associations in Galicia
Abstract
This article examines foreigners’ political participation in Galicia through migrant associations. It considers that social participation in organizations promoted by migrants implies social integration and favors political involvement. This political participation is divided into two elements: the right of access to decision making and effective participation, which is understood as contacts, associative practices and relationships with social and political actors. A mixed methodology is used combining data drawn from a questionnaire and the analysis of qualitative interviews. From the questionnaire administered to immigrant organizations in Galicia, we obtained quantitative data on the activities and institutional and political relations of 32 immigrant associations. The 43 semi-structured interviews of association leaders, institutional representatives and third sector entities allows us to look deeper into the discourses that support their actions and their ideological-political position. The main results point to a political participation of foreigners’ organizations circumscribed to the local sphere, as well as to the existence of formal mechanisms that allow their consideration as social actors but with scarce political incidence characterized by little contact with political and social entities. When this occurs, it is more aimed at solving needs derived from social vulnerability rather than the typical demands of a consolidated settlement process.Keywords
migrant associations, social capital, political involvement, third sector, political actorReferences
Bolíbar Planas, Mireia (2013). «Redes asociativas, inmigración y participación: Una aproximación empírica a los vínculos entre capital social y participación asociativa». REDES: Revista Hispana para el Análisis de Redes Sociales, 24(1), 114-136.
Bourdieu, Pierre (1986). «The forms of capital». En: Richardson, John G. (ed.). Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education. Nueva York: Greenwood Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/2069964
Bourdieu, Pierre (2001). «El capital social: Apuntes provisionales». En: Herreros, Francisco y Francisco, Andrés de (eds.). Capital social, Zona Abierta. Madrid: Fundación Pablo Iglesias.
Cebolla Boado, Héctor y López Sala, Ana María (2012). «A Top-Down model of transnational immigrant associationism: Migrant organizations in the definition of development and integration policies in Madrid». Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Center for Migration and Development. Working Papers, 1408.
Cinalli, Manlio (2007). «The impact of “relational structures” upon collective action: A comparison of unemployment and asylum in New Labour Britain». Cevipof, Working Paper, 23.
Cinalli, Manlio y Giugni, Marco (2014). «The Impact of Political Opportunity Structures on the Politicization of Civil Society Organizations in the Field of Unemployment and Precarity». En: Baglioni, Simone y Giugni, Marco (eds.). Civil Society Organizations, Unemployment, and Precarity in Europe: Between Service and Policy. Houndmills: Palgrave. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230391437.0010
Cloquell Lozano, Alexis (2014). «Morfología del movimiento asociativo inmigrante no comunitario: Un estudio empírico al caso de la Comunidad Valenciana». Migraciones, 36, 307-341. https://doi.org/10.14422/mig.i36.y2014.003
Coleman, James (2001). «Social capital in the creation of human capital». En: Dasgupta, Partha y Serageldin, Ismail (eds.). Social capital: A multifaceted perspective. Washington: World Bank Publications. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-7222-1.50005-2
Della Porta, Donatella y Diani, Mario (2006). Social Movements: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell.
De Rooij, Eline A. (2012). «Patterns of Immigrant Political Participation: Explaining Differences in Types of Political Participation between Immigrants and the Majority Population in Western Europe». European Sociological Review, 28(4), 455-481. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcr010
Fennema, Meindert y Tillie, Jean (1999). «Political participation and political trust in Amsterdam: Civic communities and ethnic networks». Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 25(4), 703-726. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.1999.9976711
Garreta Bochaca, Jordi; Llevot Calvet, Núria (2013). «Las asociaciones de inmigrantes africanos: Organizacion, proyección y actuaciones». Revista Internacional de Sociología, 71(1), 15-38. https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2012.09.01
Gómez Gil, Carlos (2006). «Inmigración y asociacionismo: El caso de Alicante». Observatorio de la Inmigración en Alicante (Universitat d’Alacant). Documento de trabajo.
González Ferrer, Amparo y Morales Diez de Ulzurrun, Laura (2006). «Las asociaciones de inmigrantes en Madrid: Una nota de investigación sobre su grado de integración política». Revista Española del Tercer Sector, 4, 129-173.
Guarnizo, Luis Eduardo; Portes, Alejandro y Haller, Willian J. (2003). «Assimilation and Transnationalism: Determinants of Transnational Political Action among Contemporary Immigrants». American Journal of Sociology, 108(6), 1211-1248. https://doi.org/10.1086/375195
Granovetter, Mark (1973). «The Strength of Weak Ties». American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360-1380.
INE (1998-2017). Padrón Municipal de Habitantes [en línea]. http://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/es/index.htm?type=pcaxis&path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/&file=pcaxis&dh=0&capsel=0
INE (2017). Padrón Municipal de Habitantes [en línea]. http://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/categoria.htm?c=Estadistica_P&cid=1254734710984
Ireland, Patrick (1994). The policy challenge of Ethnic Diversity: Immigrant Politics in France and Switzerland. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Jacobs, Dirk y Tillie, Jean (2004). «Introduction: Social capital and political integration of migrants». Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 30(3), 419-427. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830410001682016
Jacobs, Dirk; Phalet, Karen y Swyngedouw, Marc (2004). «Associational membership and political involvement among ethnic minority groups in Brussels». Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 30(3), 543-559. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830410001682089
Koopmans, Ruud y Statham, Paul (2000). «Migration and ethnic relations as a field of political contention: An opportunity structure approach». En: Koopmans, Ruud y Statham, Paul (eds.). Challenging Immigration and Ethnic Relations Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lacomba, Joan (2016). «Asociaciones de inmigrantes en la encrucijada: Acción transnacional y riesgos de cooptación». REMHU: Rev. Interdiscip. Mobil. Hum., Brasília, XXIV(47), 27-44.
Lacomba Vázquez, Joan; Giner Monfort, Jordi (2013). «La participación en asociaciones de los inmigrantes africanos: Vías de interpretación del distanciamiento asociativo». Revista Internacional de Sociología, 71(1), 67-89. https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2012.09.10
Lin, Nan (2002). Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Masanet Ripoll, Erika y Santacreu Fernández, Óscar (2010). «El movimiento asociativo inmigrante en la comunidad valenciana y sus repercusiones en la producción de capital social». Migraciones, 27, 49-81.
Morales, Laura (2011). «Conceptualizing and measuring migrants’ political inclusion». En: Morales, Laura y Giugni, Marco (eds.). Social capital, political participation and migration in Europe: Making Multicultural Democracy Work? Hampshire (UK): Palgrave Macmillan.
Morales, Laura y Pilati, Laura (2011). «The Role of Social Capital in Migrants’ Engagement in Local Politics in European Cities». En: Morales, Laura y Giugni, Marco (eds.). Social capital, political participation and migration in Europe: Making Multicultural Democracy Work? Hampshire (UK): Palgrave Macmillan.
Ostrom, Elinor y Ahn, Toh-Kyeong. (2003). «Una perspectiva del capital social desde las ciencias sociales: capital social y acción colectiva». Revista mexicana de sociología, 65(1), 155-233.
Pérez Caramés, Antía (2017). «Contexto sociodemográfico da inmigración en Galicia (1996-2016): Unha perspectiva de xénero sobre os cambios recentes no panorama migratorio». En: Rodríguez Salgado, Laura; Vázquez Silva, Iria (coord.). Muller inmigrante, lingua e sociedade. Vigo: Galaxia, p. 31-60.
Pilati, Katia y Morales, Laura (2016): «Ethnic and immigrant politics vs. mainstream politics: The role of ethnic organizations in shaping the political participation of immigrant-origin individuals in Europe». Ethnic and Racial Studies, 39(15), 2796-2817. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2016.1181270
Putnam, Robert D. (2003). El declive del capital social: un estudio internacional sobre las sociedades y el sentido comunitario. Madrid: Círculo de Lectores.
Requena Santos, Félix (1989). «El concepto de red social». Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 48, 137-152.
Requena Santos, Félix (1998). «Género, redes de amistad y rendimiento académico». Papers, 56, 233-242.
Stolle, Dietlind (2000). «Social Capital – A New Research Agenda?: Toward an Attitudinal Approach». ECPR Workshop, 13. Copenhague. Recuperado de https://ecpr.eu/Filestore/PaperProposal/b0812d49-9e47-4d19-a0ff-62230487d94f.pdf
Tillie, Jean (2004). «Social capital of organizations and their members: Explaining the political integration of immigrants in Amsterdam». Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 30(3), 529-541. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830410001682070
Toral, Guillermo (2010). «Las asociaciones de inmigrantes como sociedad civil: Un análisis tridimensional». Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 132(1), 105-130.
Vázquez Silva, Iria (2007). «O incipiente mapa asociativo inmigrante en Galicia». En: Veira Veira, José Luis (coord.). La sociología y los nuevos retos = A socioloxía e os novos retos: IV Congreso Astur-Galaico de Socioloxía. A Coruña: Servizo de Publicacións da Universidade da Coruña.
Vázquez Silva, Iria (2017). «Inmigración, asociacionismo e ONG: Dificultades, urxencias e desafíos». En: Rodríguez Salgado, Laura y Vázquez Silva, Iria (coord.). Muller inmigrante, lingua e sociedade. Vigo: Galaxia, p. 91-122.
Veredas Muñoz, Sonia (2003). «Las asociaciones de inmigrantes en España». Revista Internacional de Sociología, 36, 207-225.
Zapata-Barrero, Ricard (2004). Inmigración, innovación política y cultura de acomodación en España. Barcelona: CIDOB.
Published
How to Cite
Downloads
Copyright (c) 2018 Belén Fernández-Suárez, Esther Cano-Ruiz
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
