División del trabajo doméstico en las parejas en España: consecuencias de las diferencias educativas y las creencias igualitarias de género de las mujeres
Resumen
Las mujeres en España tienen frecuentemente mayor nivel educativo que sus parejas masculinas. Sin embargo, la división de género del trabajo doméstico y del trabajo remunerado sigue siendo una de las más tradicionales de Europa. Mediante la Encuesta de Fecundidad (2018), se han estudiado los efectos de las actitudes igualitarias de las mujeres, los ingresos relativos de los miembros de la pareja, y las diferencias educativas entre ambos (considerando nueve tipos posibles de parejas) en la división del trabajo doméstico. Se contrastaron dos teorías acerca de la división del trabajo doméstico: los recursos relativos y doing gender (hacer género). Los resultados mostraron escaso respaldo hacia la primera, pero una amplia evidencia en favor de la segunda. Controlando por ingresos y trabajo relativo (entre otras), solo las mujeres con estudios superiores realizan menos trabajo doméstico. Sin embargo, esto solo ocurre cuando no están emparejadas con un hombre con bajo nivel educativo. Los hombres aumentan su participación en las tareas domésticas si ganan más o lo mismo que las mujeres, pero no si ellas son las principales proveedoras. No se encontró influencia de las actitudes igualitarias de género. Estos resultados contribuyen a entender las consecuencias de las diferencias educativas entre los miembros de una pareja. Este análisis, además, es el primero que estudia los efectos de las actitudes igualitarias de género en la división del trabajo doméstico en España. Hay limitaciones relevantes debido al uso de un indicador subjetivo. Los resultados deben interpretarse preferiblemente como indicios para futuros análisis con Encuestas de Uso del Tiempo.Palabras clave
trabajo doméstico, igualdad de género, trabajo no remunerado, doing gender, especialización del hogar, diferencias educativas, valores de igualdad de género, hipogamia femeninaCitas
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