Divisió del treball domèstic en les parelles a Espanya: conseqüències de les diferències educatives i les creences igualitàries de gènere de les dones
Resum
Les dones a Espanya tenen sovint un nivell educatiu més alt que les seves parelles masculines. No obstant això, la divisió de gènere del treball domèstic i del treball remunerat continua sent una de les més tradicionals d’Europa. Mitjançant l’Enquesta de Fecunditat (2018), s’han estudiat els efectes de les actituds igualitàries de les dones, els ingressos relatius dels membres de la parella, i les diferències educatives entre tots dos (considerant nou tipus possibles de parelles) en la divisió del treball domèstic. Es van contrastar dues teories sobre la divisió del treball domèstic: els recursos relatius i doing gender (fer gènere). Els resultats van mostrar un escàs suport cap a la primera, però una àmplia evidència a favor de la segona. Controlant per ingressos i treball relatiu (entre d’altres), només les dones amb estudis superiors fan menys treball domèstic. Tanmateix, això només ocorre quan no estan aparellades amb un home amb un baix nivell educatiu. Els homes augmenten la seva participació en les tasques domèstiques si guanyen més o igual que les dones, però no si elles són les principals proveïdores. No es va trobar influència de les actituds igualitàries de gènere. Aquests resultats contribueixen a entendre les conseqüències de les diferències educatives entre els membres d’una parella. Aquesta anàlisi, a més, és la primera que estudia els efectes de les actituds igualitàries de gènere en la divisió del treball domèstic a Espanya. Hi ha limitacions rellevants a causa de l’ús d’un indicador subjectiu. Els resultats s’han d’interpretar preferiblement com a indicis per a futures anàlisis amb Enquestes d’Ús del Temps.Paraules clau
treball domèstic, igualtat de gènere, treball no remunerat, doing gender, especialització de la llar, diferències educatives, valors d’igualtat de gènere, hipogàmia femeninaReferències
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