Transnational guest workers in the 21st century: Gender and the agro-industry in southern Europe

Natalia Ribas-Mateos; Angels Escrivà; Deirdre Robins

doi:10.5565/rev/papers.3288

Trabajadores transnacionales invitados en el siglo XXI: género y agroindustria en el sur de Europa

Autores/as

Natalia Ribas-Mateos UAB https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-4467
Angels Escrivà Universidad de Huelva
Deirdre Robins Geneva Graduate Institute https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8693-0385

PDF (EN)

Resumen

Este artículo analiza las controvertidas interconexiones entre las estructuras globales y las condiciones de las trabajadoras migrantes temporales. Para ello se explora la condición transnacional como herramienta para comprender el trabajo posfordista intensivo e inseguro del capitalismo global tardío, particularmente en el sur de Europa. Basándose en investigaciones previas sobre la vida laboral en el sector agrícola, la parte principal del artículo considera las siguientes tres cuestiones etnográficas. Primera, ¿cuál es el impacto de la economía transnacional en estos acuerdos de trabajadores invitados? Segunda, ¿cómo se relaciona este concepto de «invitado» con la vida laboral de las mujeres? Y tercera, ¿cómo podemos entender el impacto de los intermediarios y las élites globales en tales prácticas transnacionales? Empleamos el concepto de espacio transnacional aplicado al sur de Europa junto con nociones de «estrategias de movilidad» para profundizar en la investigación sociológica sobre las intersecciones entre diferentes trabajos de campo —en Huelva (Andalucía) y en la provincia de Mequinez (Marruecos). Analizamos los debates conceptuales sobre las vidas y experiencias del vivir transnacional de las mujeres. En este modelo de trabajador huésped, los trabajadores que viven en un país y trabajan estacionalmente en otro normalmente provienen de zonas rurales y residen en el extranjero en alojamientos precarios junto a sus conciudadanos. ¿Cuáles son los desafíos para las mujeres involucradas en este rígido modelo, en materia de reclutamiento, transporte, trabajo, salud, ocio y retorno al origen? ¿Qué espacio queda para la justicia social?

Palabras clave

agroindustria, mujeres marroquíes, prácticas transnacionales, movilidades globales, Huelva, Mequinez, recolectoras de fresa, sur de Europa, justicia social, salud ambiental

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