Regles de les Nacions Unides per al tractament de les recluses i mesures no privatives de la llibertat per a les dones delinqüents (regles de Bangkok). Drets humans i criminologia feminista
Resum
El 2010, les Nacions Unides van adoptar les Regles de les Nacions Unides per al tractament de les recluses i mesures no privatives de la llibertat per a les dones delinqüents (les «regles de Bangkok»). Això va ser un pas important en l’adaptació de les Regles mínimes de les Nacions Unides per al tractament dels reclusos de 1955 a les dones delinqüents i recluses, i va ser un precursor important per a la revisió de les regles de 1955. Com a instruments jurídics no vinculants, són principis de drets humans que reconeixen que les dones recluses tenen diferents necessitats respecte dels reclusos homes. Entre d’altres, tenen en compte la presència d’alts nivells de victimització entre les recluses i la seva major propensió a autolesionar-se i suïcidar-se; la condició especial d’algunes dones recluses com a mares; les necessitats particulars de salut i higiene de les dones; l’estigma i la discriminació que pateixen les dones recluses; la necessitat de programes i activitats sensibles al gènere per a les dones empresonades; i les necessitats particulars de les dones recluses indígenes i de diversos orígens religiosos i culturals. Demanen polítiques i programes sensibles al gènere als centres penitenciaris en una àmplia gamma d’àmbits: ingrés, classificació, cures de salut física i mental, maternitat a les presons, registres i elaboració de programes previs i posteriors a la posada en llibertat que tinguin en compte l’estigmatització i la discriminació de les dones en sortir de la presó, entre d’altres. Examinarem la història i els antecedents d’aquestes regles, n’oferirem una crítica i discutirem les seves implicacions per a les intervencions criminològiques feministes relacionades amb les dones recluses a tot el món.Paraules clau
dones delinqüents, criminologia feminista, regles de Bangkok, presons, dones reclusesReferències
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Drets d'autor (c) 2017 Rosemary Barberet, Crystal Jackson
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