Navigating the pandemic: Gendered perspectives  on vulnerability, resilience and institutional change  in times of crisis

María López Belloso; Sofia Strid

doi:10.5565/rev/papers.3243

Navegar per la pandèmia

perspectives de gènere sobre vulnerabilitat, resiliència i canvi institucional en temps de crisi

Autors/ores

María López Belloso University of Deusto https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4857-2967
Sofia Strid University of Gothenburg https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7822-4563

PDF (EN)

Resum

La pandèmia de COVID-19 ha estat una crisi multifacètica que ha impactat en la salut, l’economia, les polítiques públiques i la societat en general, i que també ha provocat una crisi humanitària. Aquestes crisis han afectat totes les persones, encara que els efectes s’han distribuït de manera desigual, la qual cosa ha provocat més desavantatges i marginació per a les que ja eren vulnerables i estaven marginades. La pandèmia ha deixat al descobert i ha intensificat les desigualtats de gènere preexistents en molts aspectes de la vida, des del mercat laboral i les oportunitats educatives fins als sistemes de salut i de protecció social. S’han observat impactes desiguals en dones i homes en l’economia i l’ocupació, en el treball domèstic i les cures, en la salut física i mental, i en la violència contra les dones.

La col·lecció d’articles recollits en aquest monogràfic examina de manera crítica aquests temes clau relacionats amb l’impacte de la pandèmia en la igualtat de gènere a Europa. Destaquen les desigualtats de gènere exacerbades, les respostes polítiques i el potencial d’una recuperació sensible al gènere. Aquest número especial reuneix una col·lecció de vuit articles que aprofundeixen en diversos aspectes de la desigualtat de gènere exacerbada per la pandèmia de COVID-19 i que exploren possibles vies cap a una igualtat de gènere més gran en el món postpandèmia. S’hi resumeixen les troballes i les contribucions de diverses científiques socials i també de dos projectes finançats per la UE: RESISTIRÉ (GA 101015990) i GEARING Rols (GA 824536). Els articles s’estructuren entorn de cinc temes principals: disparitats en el mercat laboral, educació i desenvolupament d’habilitats, respostes socials i polítiques, oportunitats postpandèmia i cures. Cada article aporta perspectives úniques, troballes empíriques i recomanacions polítiques des d’una perspectiva feminista per enriquir el discurs actual sobre la igualtat de gènere. En conjunt, els articles mostren la necessitat d’una anàlisi feminista de la crisi i revelen les arrels estructurals de les desigualtats, alhora que emfatitzen la necessitat d’una acció transformadora per abordar les desigualtats.

Paraules clau

cura, COVID-19, crisi, economia, educació, gènere, igualtat de gènere, respostes polítiques, presa de decisions, violència

Referències

Axelsson, T. K.; Callerstig, A-C.; Sandström, L. and Strid, S. (2021). RESISTIRÉ D4.1 Qualitative Indications of Inequalities Produced by COVID-19 and its Policy Responses. 1st Cycle Summary Report. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5595815

Bahri, A. (2020). “Women at the Frontline of COVID-19: Can Gender Mainstreaming in Free Trade Agreements Help?”. Journal of International Economic Law, 23(3), 563-582. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgaa023

Blaskó, Z.; Papadimitriou, E. and Manca, A. R. (2020). How will the COVID-19 crisis affect existing gender divides in Europe?. Vol. 5. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.

Blumenshine, P.; Egerter, RA.; Mockenhaupt, R.; Braveman, P. and Marks, J. (2008). “Pandemic influenza planning in the United States from a health disparities perspective”. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2008, 709-715.

Bulog, I.; Pepur, S. and Rimac Smiljanić, A. (2022). “Women’s overload during the pandemic: Unpaid care work, financial well-being, and stress”. Management: Journal of Contemporary Management Issues, 27(1), 123-150.

Carli, L. L. (2020). “Women, gender equality and COVID-19”. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 35(7-8), 647-655.

Cibin, R.; Stöckelová, T. and Linková, M. (2021). RESISTIRÉ D2.1 – Summary Report Mapping Cycle 1. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6325633

Cibin, R.; Ghidoni, E.; Aristegui-Fradua, I. E.; Marañon, U. B.; Stöckelová, T. and Linková, M. (2022). RESISTIRÉ D2.2 Summary Report on Mapping Cycle 2. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536060

Cibin, R.; Ghidoni, E.; Stöckelová, T. and Linková, M. (2023). RESISTIRÉ D2.3 Summary report on mapping cycle 3. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6536060

Crouzet, L.; Scarlett, H.; Colleville, A. C.; Pourtau, L.; Melchior, M. and Ducarroz, S. (2022). “Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable groups, including homeless persons and migrants, in France: A qualitative study”. Preventive Medicine Reports, 26, 101727.

Devries, K.M.; Mak, JYT.; García-Moreno C.; et al. (2013). “The global prevalence of intimate partner violence against women”. Science, 340, 1527–1528.

European Commission (2020a). A New ERA for Research and Innovation. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee of the Regions. COM/2020/628 final.

European Commission (2020b). Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Oertelt-Prigione, S. (2020). The impact of sex and gender in the COVID-19 pandemic – Case study. Luxembourg: Publications Office. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/17055. [Accessed: 15-5-23].

European Commission (2020c). A Union of Equality: Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament. the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions COM(2020) 152 final.

European Commission (2021). European Research Area Policy Agenda – Overview of actions for the period 2022-2024. European Commission B-1049 Brussels.

European Commission (2023). COVID-19 Impact on Gender Equality in Research & Innovation – Policy Report. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/171804

EIGE (2021). The Covid-19 Pandemic and Intimate Partner Violence against Women in the EU. Retrieved from https://eige.europa.eu/publications/covid-19-pandemic-and-intimate-partner-violence-against-women-eu [Accessed: 15-5-23].

Fodor, E.; Pisacane, L. and López Belloso, M. (2023). “Care responsibilities, new working modalities, gender-based violence, worklife balance, and wellbeing”. European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, COVID-19 impact on gender equality in research & innovation – Policy report. Publications Office of the European Union. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/171804

Harroche A.; Still A.; Tzanakou C.; Rossetti, F.; Lionello, L. and Charafeddine, R. (2023). RESISTIRÉ D3.3 Summary Report on Mapping Quantitative Indicators – Cycle 3. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7708668

ILO (2021). World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2021. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_794452.pdf [Accessed: 16-6-23].

Nivakoski, S. and Mascherini, M. (2021). “Gender differences in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment, unpaid work and well-being in the EU”. Intereconomics, 56, 254-260.

OECD and European Union (2020). “How resilient have European health systems been to the COVID-19 crisis?”. Health at a Glance: Europe 2020: State of Health in the EU Cycle (2020), 23-81.

Paula, P. (2020). Gender Equality and Public Policy: Measuring progress in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sandström, L. and Strid, S. (eds). (2022). RESISTIRE Agenda for Future Research – Cycle 2. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7043345.

Sandström, L.; Axelsson, T. K.; Callerstig, A-C, Strid, S. and Bobek, A. (2022). RESISTIRÉ D4.2 Building Back Better? Qualitative Indications of Inequalities Produced by COVID-19 and its Policy and Societal Responses. Second Cycle Summary Report. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6517795

Sandström, L.; Axelsson, T. K.; Callerstig, A-C, Strid, S. and Bobek, A. (2022). RESISTIRE D4.2 Building Back Better? Qualitative Indications of Inequalities Produced by Covid-19 and its Policy and Societal responses. Second Cycle Summary Report. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6517795.

Seedat, S. and Rondon, M. (2021). Women’s wellbeing and the burden of unpaid work. BMJ, 374, n1972. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1972

Stovell, C.; Lionello, L.; Rossetti, F.; Charafeddine, R.; Nugent, S.; Still, A.; Tanwar, J. and Tzanakou, C. (2022). RESISTIRÉ D3.2 - Summary Report on Mapping Quantitative Indicators – Cycle 2. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6506408

Stovell, C.; Rossetti, F.; Lionello, L.; Still, A.; Charafeddine, R.; Humbert, A. L. and Tzanakou, C. (2021). RESISTIRÉ D3.1 Summary Report on Mapping of Quantitative Indicators - Cycle 1. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5541035

Strid, S.; Schrodi, C. and Cibin, R. (2022). “Better stories for a gender equal and fairer social recovery from outbreaks: learnings from the RESISTIRÉ project”. Gender & Development, 30(1-2), 265-281. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2022.2071992

UN WOMEN (2020). Unlocking the lockdown: The gendered effects of COVID-19 on achieving the SDGS in Asia and the Pacific. UN Women Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Rajadamnoern Nok Ave, Bangkok, 10200, Thailand. https://data.unwomen.org/publications/unlocking-lockdown-gendered-effects-covid-19-achieving-sdgs-asia-and-pacific. [Accessed: 15-5-23].

World Bank (2022). Violence against women and girls – what the data tell us. Gender Data Portal. https://genderdata.worldbank.org/data-stories/overview-of-gender-based-violence/#:~:text=30%25%20of%20women%20have%20experienced,million%20women%20around%20the%20world. [Accessed: 12-6-23].