Essencials i oblidades. El treball domèstic i l’impacte de les respostes polítiques durant la pandèmia de COVID-19 a Espanya i Itàlia
Resum
Els resultats del projecte europeu RESISTIRÉ mostren que la pandèmia i les polítiques adoptades per contenir el virus han reforçat les desigualtats de gènere preexistents i s’ha entrat en una «espiral de desigualtats creixents» (Axelsson et al., 2021: 110). L’àmbit de les cures és una part clau d’aquesta espiral i ha estat el centre dels debats i d’algunes de les respostes polítiques al COVID-19. No obstant això, en la seva major part, les intervencions polítiques en l’àmbit de les cures s’han centrat principalment en l’equilibri entre la vida laboral i familiar i s’han oblidat de l’impacte de les polítiques relacionades amb la salut en les treballadores domèstiques, un sector molt feminitzat i racialitzat. No obstant això, aquestes treballadores s’han vist dramàticament afectades per la pandèmia i per les respostes polítiques no sols en termes d’exposició al contagi, sinó també en termes d’exacerbació de desigualtats preexistents i entrecreuades. A més, aquelles polítiques que van abordar el sector domèstic sovint van reproduir estereotips de gènere sobre la naturalesa del treball de cures i van reforçar supòsits racistes sobre la migració. En aquest article es comparen les polítiques sobre treballadores domèstiques promulgades durant la pandèmia a Itàlia i Espanya, il·lustratives de la forma en què les polítiques públiques contribueixen a la discriminació de gènere i racial d’aquest grup de treballadores. Basant-se en la metodologia de Bacchi, l’article tracta de desplegar i problematitzar les representacions i suposicions implícites relacionades amb el treball de cures, i les jerarquies de gènere i racials que les sustenten.
Paraules clau
cura, treball domèstic, desigualtat de gènere , COVID-19, interseccionalitatReferències
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