Antipatia i simpatia cap als immigrants de diferents orígens: el cas de Tenerife
Resum
Aquest estudi investiga les percepcions d’antipatia i simpatia cap als grups d’immigrants en la població autòctona de Tenerife (Illes Canàries). S’utilitza un model Logit no sols per estimar les probabilitats d’antipatia, indiferència i simpatia per cada grup d’origen immigrant, sinó també per quantificar probabilísticament els efectes conjunts de diferents atributs individuals sobre aquestes percepcions socials. Els resultats, basats en les dades de l’enquesta realitzada a 479 enquestats, mostren que existeixen diferències significatives en les actituds segons l’origen dels immigrants. L’antipatia es dirigeix més comunament cap als immigrants de l’Europa de l’Est i de l’Àfrica del Nord, mentre que la simpatia s’expressa amb major freqüència cap a les persones de l’Amèrica Llatina, la Unió Europea i l’Àfrica subsahariana. Els predictors clau de l’antipatia inclouen l’edat avançada, el menor nivell educatiu, la participació activa en el mercat laboral, l’afiliació religiosa catòlica i la ideologia política de dretes. Per contra, el gènere i la zona residencial van mostrar una influència mínima en les actituds. L’estudi també identifica diferents perfils extrems caracteritzats per combinacions d’aquests atributs, la qual cosa demostra una variació substancial en la probabilitat d’antipatia o simpatia entre els diferents grups d’immigrants. Les troballes abonen el model d’amenaça diferenciada, que postula que les amenaces percebudes i el seu impacte varien entre els segments de la població en funció de les característiques del grup. Els resultats subratllen la importància de polítiques socials adaptades que abordin les preocupacions i percepcions específiques associades amb les diferents comunitats d’immigrants. Les recerques futures han d’incorporar contextos socials dinàmics i perspectives qualitatives per explorar més a fons els mecanismes subjacents de les actituds intergrupals.
Paraules clau
actituds cap als immigrants, relacions interculturals , percepció d'amenaça intergrupal , prejudicis, model LogitReferències
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Drets d'autor (c) 2025 Daniel Buraschi, Dirk Godenau, José Juan Cáceres Hernández
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