Overeducation of University Graduates and Social Mobility
Abstract
Is the overqualification of graduates related to social background? To answer this question, five indicators are developed in this paper: objective, subjective and statistical indicators common to this kind of research, and two from the PIAAC dataset, statistical overqualification in literacy and numeracy. The results are not conclusive as a relationship is observed between objective and subjective overqualification, but not the remaining indicators. From a social mobility approach, we found that once level of education is taken into account, social background has little effect on the probability of achieving a highly skilled occupation. Put another way, social origin shows an intense relationship with educational attainment, but the relationship between level of education and occupation is weaker.Keywords
overqualification, overeducation, labor market, human capital, social mobility, inequality of educational opportunity, Boudon, Goldthorpe, Bourdieu, educational mismatchReferences
Barone, Carlo y Ortiz, Luis (2011). «Overeducation among European University Graduates: A comparative analysis of its incidence and the importance of higher education differentiation». Higher Education [en línea], 61, 325-337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10734-010-9380-0
Becker, Gary S. (1964). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. Nueva York: Columbia University Press.
Boudon, Raymond (1983). La desigualdad de oportunidades. Barcelona: Laia.
Bourdieu, Pierre (1991). La distinción. Madrid: Taurus.
Bukodi, Erzsebet y Goldthorpe, John (2011). «Social class returns to higher education: Chances of access to the professional and managerial salariat for men in three British birth cohorts». Longitudinal and Life Course Studies [en línea], 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.14301/llcs.v2i2.122
Cabrales, Antonio; Dolado, Juan José y Mora, R. (2013). «Dualidad laboral y déficit de formación ocupacional: Evidencia sobre España con datos de PIAAC». En: Informe nacional del Programa Internacional de Evaluación de Competencias de la Población Adulta, tomo ii. Madrid: Ministerio de Educación y Cultura. Instituto Nacional de Evaluación Educativa, 9-38.
Capsada-Munsech, Queralt (2015). «The role of social origin and field of study on graduates’ overeducation: The case of Italy». Higher Education [en línea], 69, 779-807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10734-014-9805-2
Desjardins, Richard y Warnke, Jonas (2011). «Ageing and Skills: A review and analysis of skill gain and skill loss over the lifespan and over time». OECD Working Paper.
Dolado, Juan J.; Felgueroso, Florentino y Jimeno, Juan F. (2000). «Youth labour markets in Spain: Education, training, and crowding-out». European Economic Review [en línea], 44, 943-956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2921(99)00050-1
Fernández Mellizo-Soto, María (2014). «Desigualdad de oportunidades educativas en España». Reis, 147, 107-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5477/cis/reis.147.107
Flisi, Sara; Goglio, Valentina; Meroni, Elena Claudia; Rodrigues, Margarida y Vera-Toscano, Esperanza (2016). «Measuring Occupational Mismatch: Overeducation and Overskill in Europe-Evidence from PIAAC». Social Indicators Research [en línea], 1-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1292-7
Freeman, R.B. (1976). The overeducated american. Nueva York: Academic Press. García Montalvo, José y Peiró, José M.ª (2009). Análisis de la sobrecualificación y la flexibilidad laboral. Valencia: IVIE.
Glebbeek, A. C. (1993). Perspectieven op Loopbanen. Assen: Van Gocum.
Goldthorpe, John H. (2010). Sobre la sociología. Madrid: CIS.
Heckman, James J. (2006). «Skill Formation and the Economics of Investing in Disadvantaged Children». Science [en línea], 312, 1900-1903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1128898
Kucel, Aleksander (2010). «The sociology of educational mismatch». DemoSoc Working Papers. Barcelona: Universidad Pompeu Fabra.
— (2011). «Literature Survey of the Incidence of Over-education: A Sociological Approach». Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 134, 125-142.
Leuven, Edwin y Oosterbeek, Hessel (2011). «Overeducation and mismatch in the labor market». IZA Discussion Paper.
McGuinness, Seamus y Wooden, Mark (2007). «Overskilling, job insecurity and career mobility». IZA Discussion Paper 2938.
Marqués, Ildefonso y Gil, Carlos (2015). «Origen social y sobreeducación en los universitarios españoles». REIS, 150, 89-112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5477/cis/reis.150.89
Martín Moreno, J. y Miguel, A. de (1979). Universidad, fábrica de parados. Barcelona: Vicens Vives.
Martínez García, José Saturnino (2011). «Género y origen social: Diferencias grandes en fracaso escolar y bajas en rendimiento educativo». Revista de la Asociación de Sociología de la Educación, 4, 270-285.
Mincer, Jacob (1974). Schooling, experience and earnings. Nueva York: Columbia University Press.
OCDE (2012). Microdatos del Proyecto Internacional de Competencias de la Población Adulta (PIAAC). Consulta 10/11/16 de URL: http://www.oecd.org/skills/piaac/publicdataandanalysis
OCDE (2013). OECD skills outlook 2013: First results from the survey of adult skills. París: OCDE.
Pissarides, Christopher (2000). Equilibrium Unemployment Theory. Cambridge (MA): MIT Press.
Quintini, Glenda (2011). Over-Qualified or Under-Skilled: A Review of Existing Literature. París: OECD.
Sala, Guillermo (2011). «Approaches to Skills Mismatch in the Labour Market: A literature review». Papers, 96 (4), 1025-1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/papers/v96n4.171
Sattinger, Michael (1993). «Assignment Models of the Distribution of Earnings». Journal of Economic Literature, 31, 851-880.
Sloane, Peter J. (2003). «Much Ado About Nothing?: What Does the Over-education Literature Really Tell us?». En: Buchel, F.; DeGrip, A. y Mertens, A. (ed.). Overeducation in Europe: Current Issues in Theory and Practice. Northampton: Edward Elgar.
Spence, Michael (1973). «Job market signaling». The Quarterly Journal of Economics [en línea], 87, 355-374. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1882010
Thurow, Lester C. (1975). Generating inequality: Mechanisms of distribution in the US economy. New York: Basic Books.
Torche, Florencia (2011). «Is a College Degree Still the Great Equalizer?: Intergenerational Mobility across Levels of Schooling in the United States». American Journal of Sociology [en línea], 117, 763-807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/661904
Treiman, Donald J. (1970). «Industrialization and Social Stratification». En: Launmann, E.O. (ed.). Social Stratification Research and Theory for the 1970s. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merill.
Published
Downloads
Copyright (c) 2016 José Saturnino Martínez García
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.