La disposición clasista de los entornos de residencia en las principales conurbaciones de México. Una aproximación desde las categorías de ocupación laboral

Autores/as

Resumen

En los últimos decenios, se ha incrementado el interés por recuperar los análisis en términos de clase social vinculados a la posición de los diferentes grupos en los espacios urbanos. Dentro de esta tendencia, cobran especial fuerza las investigaciones que se focalizan en analizar la constitución de las clases sociales en los entornos de residencia. El objetivo de este artículo consiste en explorar de qué forma se produce la distribución clasista de la metrópoli atendiendo especialmente a los entornos de residencia en las principales conurbaciones mexicanas. Para hacerlo, se realiza una explotación y un análisis de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares 2016 (ENIGH), México, tomando como variable independiente y expresiva de la clase social las agrupaciones de los hogares según la ocupación de la jefatura de hogar, y como variables dependientes, distintos indicadores sobre la ubicación de las viviendas, la habitabilidad o las formas de acceso a las residencias. El artículo sitúa la discusión sobre las clases sociales y el entorno de residencia en el contexto latinoamericano, y su principal contribución estriba en resaltar la existencia de una escalonada y bien definida estructura clasista en el disfrute del espacio urbano, con los hogares encabezados por los directivos y, en menor medida, los profesionales como los máximos beneficiarios. Asimismo, se destaca la existencia de importantes núcleos rurales que se están incorporando a la urbe y que, al ser mayoritariamente precarios y deficitarios, son sede para los hogares de agricultores y peones.

Palabras clave

territorios urbanos, clases sociales, segregación urbana, habitabilidad, entornos residenciales

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Publicado

2020-06-09

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