Reglas de las Naciones Unidas para el tratamiento de las reclusas y medidas no privativas de la libertad para las mujeres delincuentes (reglas de Bangkok). Derechos humanos y criminología feminista
Resumen
En 2010, las Naciones Unidas adoptaron las Reglas de las Naciones Unidas para el tratamiento de las reclusas y medidas no privativas de la libertad para las mujeres delincuentes (las «reglas de Bangkok»). Esto fue un paso importante en la adaptación de las Reglas mínimas de las Naciones Unidas para el tratamiento de los reclusos de 1955 a las mujeres delincuentes y reclusas y fue un precursor importante para la revisión de las propias reglas de 1955. Como instrumentos jurídicos no vinculantes, son principios de derechos humanos que reconocen que las mujeres reclusas tienen diferentes necesidades con respecto a los reclusos varones. Entre otras cosas, tienen en cuenta la presencia de altos niveles de victimización entre las reclusas y su mayor propensión a autolastimarse y suicidarse; la condición especial de algunas mujeres reclusas como madres; las necesidades particulares de salud e higiene de las mujeres; el estigma y la discriminación que sufren las mujeres reclusas; la necesidad de programas y actividades sensibles al género para las mujeres encarceladas; y las necesidades particulares de las mujeres reclusas indígenas y de diversos orígenes religiosos y culturales. Piden políticas y programas sensibles al género en los centros penitenciarios en una amplia gama de ámbitos: ingreso, clasificación, cuidados de salud física y mental, maternidad en las prisiones, registros y elaboración de programas previos y posteriores a la puesta en libertad que tengan en cuenta la estigmatización y la discriminación que esperan a las mujeres al salir de la cárcel, entre otras. Examinaremos la historia y antecedentes de estas reglas, ofreceremos una crítica y discutiremos sus implicaciones para las intervenciones criminológicas feministas relacionadas con las mujeres reclusas en todo el mundo.Palabras clave
mujeres delincuentes, criminología feminista, reglas de Bangkok, prisiones, mujeres reclusasCitas
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Derechos de autor 2017 Rosemary Barberet, Crystal Jackson
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