Esenciales y olvidadas. El trabajo doméstico y el impacto de las respuestas políticas durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en España e Italia
Resumen
Los resultados del proyecto europeo RESISTIRÉ muestran que la pandemia y las políticas adoptadas para contener el virus han reforzado las desigualdades de género preexistentes y se ha entrado en una «espiral de desigualdades crecientes» (Axelsson et al., 2021: 110). El ámbito de los cuidados es una parte clave de dicha espiral y ha sido el centro de los debates y de algunas de las respuestas políticas al COVID-19. Sin embargo, en su mayor parte, las intervenciones políticas en el ámbito de los cuidados se han centrado principalmente en el equilibrio entre la vida laboral y familiar y se han olvidado del impacto de las políticas relacionadas con la salud en las trabajadoras domésticas, un sector muy feminizado y racializado. No obstante, estas trabajadoras se han visto dramáticamente afectadas por la pandemia y por las respuestas políticas no solo en términos de exposición al contagio, sino también en términos de exacerbación de desigualdades preexistentes y entrecruzadas. Además, aquellas políticas que abordaron el sector doméstico a menudo reprodujeron estereotipos de género sobre la naturaleza del trabajo de cuidados y reforzaron supuestos racistas sobre la migración. En este artículo se comparan las políticas sobre trabajadoras domésticas promulgadas durante la pandemia en Italia y España, ilustrativas de la forma en que las políticas públicas contribuyen a la discriminación de género y racial de este grupo de trabajadoras. Basándose en la metodología de Bacchi, el artículo trata de desplegar y problematizar las representaciones y suposiciones implícitas relacionadas con el trabajo de cuidados, y las jerarquías de género y raciales que las sustentan.
Palabras clave
cuidado, trabajo doméstico, desigualdad de género, COVID-19, interseccionalidadCitas
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