La intermediación lingüística por parte de menores (ILM) desde la perspectiva de los progenitores
Resumen
Este artículo explora el fenómeno de la intermediación lingüística por parte de menores (ILM), es decir, las tareas de traducción e interpretación que los hijos de familias inmigradas realizan para adultos con competencias lingüísticas limitadas. Partiendo del objetivo de reflejar la perspectiva de los progenitores que en alguna ocasión han recurrido a los hijos —todavía niños o adolescentes— para comunicarse en los servicios públicos, los autores emplean entrevistas en profundidad con padres y madres de los colectivos árabe, amazig, pakistaní y chino, residentes en la provincia de Barcelona, para exponer las complejidades emocionales y las dificultades prácticas que entrañan este tipo de eventos comunicativos. La conclusión es que la ILM no es la solución óptima para resolver los problemas que derivan de las barreras lingüísticas en el contexto migratorio, a pesar de ser un fenómeno habitual y espontáneo en los cuatro colectivos entrevistados.
Palabras clave
intermediación lingüística por parte de menores, ILM, inmigración, barreras lingüísticas, menores, progenitores, comunicación interculturalCitas
Angelelli, Claudia (2016). «Looking back: A study of (ad-hoc) family interpreters». European Journal of Applied Linguistics, 4 (1), 5-31. https://doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2015-0029
Angelelli, Claudia (2017). «Bilingual youngters’ perceptions of their role as family interpreters: Why should their views be measured? Why should they count?». En: Antonini, Rachele; Cirillo, Leticia; Rossato, Linda y Torresi, Ira (eds.) Non-professional interpreting and translation. State of the art and future of an emerging field of research. Ámsterdam/Filadelfia: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.129.13ang
Antonini, Rachele (2010). «The study of child language brokering: Past, current and emerging research». MediAzioni: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies on Language and Cultures, 10, 1-23. https://mediazioni.sitlec.unibo.it/index.php/no-10-special-issue-2010/162-the-study-of-child-language-brokering-past-current-and-emerging-research.html
Antonini, Rachele (2015). «Child language brokering». En: Pöchhacker, Franz (ed.). Routledge Encyclopedia of Interpreting Studies. Londres: Routledge, 48.
Antonini, Rachele (2017). «Through the children’s voice. An analysis of language brokering experiences». En: Antonini, Rachele; Cirillo, Leticia; Rossato, Linda y Torresi, Ira (eds.). Non-professional interpreting and translation. State of the art and future of an emerging field of research. Ámsterdam/Filadelfia: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.129.16ant
Arumí, Marta y Rubio-Carbonero, Gema (2022). «Reflecting on past language brokering experiences: how they affected children’s and teenagers’ emotions and relationships». Multiligua. https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2021-0152
Bourdieu, Pierre (1989). «La ilusión biográfica». Historia y Fuente Oral, 2, 27- 33.
Bucaria, Chiara y Rossato, Linda (2010). «Former child language brokers: preliminary observations on practice, attitudes and relational aspects». MediAzioni: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies on Language and Cultures, 10, 239-268. https://mediazioni.sitlec.unibo.it/index.php/no-10-special-issue-2010/168-former-child-language-brokers-preliminary-observations-on-practice-attitudes-and-relational-aspects.html
Buriel, Raymond y DeMent, Terri L. (1993). Children as cultural brokers: Recollections of college students. Inédito. Pomona College, Psychology Department, Claremont, CA.
Buriel, Raymond; Perez, William; DeMent, Terri L.; Chavez, David V. y Moran, Virgina R. (1998). «The Relationship of Language Brokering to Academic Performance, Biculturalism, and Self-Efficacy among Latino Adolescents». Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 20, 283-297. https://doi.org/10.1177/07399863980203001
Cirillo, Leticia (2017). «Child language brokering in private and public settings: Perspectives from young brokers and their teachers». En: Antonini, Rachele; Cirillo, Leticia; Rossato, Linda y Torresi, Ira (eds.). Non-professional interpreting and translation. State of the art and future of an emerging field of research. Ámsterdam/Filadelfia: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.129.15cir
Cline, Tony; Abreu, Guida de; O’Dell, Lindsay y Crafter, Sarah (2010). «Recent research on child language brokering in the United Kingdom». MediAzioni: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies on Language and Cultures, 10, 105-124. https://mediazioni.sitlec.unibo.it/index.php/no-10-special-issue-2010/173-recent-research-on-child-language-brokering-in-the-united-kingdom.html
Cline, Tony; Crafter, Sarah y Prokopiou, Evangelia (2014). Child Language Brokering in School: Final Research Report. The Nuffield Foundation. http://oro.open.ac.uk/48376/
Crafter, Sarah; Cline, Tony y Prokopiou, Evangelia (2017). «Young adult language brokers’ and teachers’ views of the advantages and disadvantages of brokering in school». En: Weisskirch, Robert S. (ed.). Language Brokering in Immigrant Families. Theories and Contexts. Routledge.
Foulquié-Rubio, Ana Isabel (2015). Interpretación en el contexto educativo: la comunicación docentes-padres extranjeros. Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Murcia. https://hdl.handle.net/10803/362090
Friehs, B. (2016). «Child language brokering and academic success of students from immigrant families in Austria». En: Gómez-Chova, I.; López-Martínez, A. y Candel-Torres, I. (eds.). 10th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. https://library.iated.org/view/FRIEHS2016CHI
García-Sánchez, Inmaculada (2010). «(Re)shaping practices in translation: How Moroccan immigrant children and families navigate continuity and change». MediAzioni: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies on Language and Cultures, 10, 182-214. https://mediazioni.sitlec.unibo.it/index.php/no-10-special-issue-2010/170-reshaping-practices-in-translation-how-moroccan-immigrant-children-and-families-navigate-continuity-and-change.html
García-Sánchez, Inmaculada (2014). Language and Muslim Immigrant Childhoods. The Politics of Belonging. Wiley Blackwell.
Goffman, Erving (1990). The Presentation of the Self in Everyday Life. Londres: Penguin Books.
Hall, Nigel y Sham, Sylvia (2007). «Language Brokering as Young People’s Work: Evidence from Chinese Adolescents in England». Language and Education, 21 (1), 16-30. https://doi.org/10.2167/le645.0
Harris, Brian (1976). «The importance of natural translation». Working Papers in Bilingualism, 12, 96-114.
Hua, Josephine M. y Costigan, Catherine L. (2017). «Adolescent language brokering for immigrant Chinese parents in Canada». En: Weisskirch, Robert S. (ed.). Language brokering in immigrant families: Theories and contexts. Nueva York/Oxon: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315644714-8
Jerolmack, Colin y Khan, Shamus (2014). «Talk is Cheap: Ethnography and the Attitudinal Fallacy». Sociological Methods & Research, 43 (2), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124114523396
Kam, Jennifer A. y Lazarevic, Vanja (2014). «The Stressful (and Not So Stressful) Nature of Language Brokering: Identifying When Brokering Functions as a Cultural Stressor for Latino Immigrant Children in Early Adolescence». Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43 (12), 1.994-2.011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-0061-z
Llompart-Esbert, Júlia (2016). Pràctiques plurilingües d’escolars d’un institut superdivers: de la recerca a l’acció educativa. Tesis doctoral. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. https://www.tdx.cat/handle/10803/399835
López, Belem G.; Lezama, Esteffania y Heredia Jr., Dabogerto (2019). «Language brokering experience affects feelings toward bilingualism, language knowledge, use, and practices: A qualitative approach». Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 41 (4), 481-503. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986319879641
Manning, Phillip (1992). Erving Goffman and Modern Sociology. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
Orellana, Marjorie F. (2009). Translating Childhoods: Immigrant Youth, Language, and Culture. New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers University Press.
Orellana, Marjorie F. (2010). «From here to there: On the process of an ethnography of language brokering». MediAzioni: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies on Language and Cultures, 10, 47-67. https://mediazioni.sitlec.unibo.it/index.php/no-10-special-issue-2010/176-from-here-to-there-on-the-process-of-an-ethnography-of-language-brokering.html
Orellana, Marjorie F. (2017). «Dialoguing across differences: The past and future of language brokering research». En: Antonini, Rachele; Cirillo, Leticia; Rossato, Linda y Torresi, Ira (eds.). Non-professional interpreting and translation. State of the art and future of an emerging field of research. Ámsterdam/Filadelfia: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.129.04ore
Orozco-Jutorán, Mariana y Vargas-Urpí, Mireia (2022). «Children and teenagers acting as language brokers: the perception of teachers at secondary schools». Across Languages and Cultures, 23 (1), 14-35. https://doi.org/10.1556/084.2022.00134
Romero-Moreno, A. y Vargas-Urpí, M. (2022). «The Gift of Language: An Anthropological Approach to Child Language Brokering in Barcelona». Children & Society, 36 (3), 415-431. https://doi.org/10.1111/chso.12530
Rubio-Carbonero, Gema; Vargas-Urpí, Mireia y Raigal Aran, Judith (2022). «Child language brokering and multilingualism in Catalonia: language use and attitudes in a bilingual region». Language and Intercultural Communication, 22 (4), 455-472. https://doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2021.2005617
Rubio-Rico, Lourdes; Roca-Biosca, Alba; Molina Fernández, Inmaculada de y Viladrich Grau, M. Mercè (2014). «Maghrebi minors as translators in health services in Tarragona (Spain): a qualitative study of the discourse of the Maghrebi adults». Globalization and Health, 10 (31). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1744-8603-10-31
Said, Edward (2003). Orientalism. Penguin Books.
Song, Miri (1999). Helping Out: Children’s Labor in Ethnic Business. Filadelfia: Temple University Press.
Torresi, Ira (2017). «Seeing brokering in bright colours: Participatory artwork elicitation in CLB research». En: Antonini, Rachele; Cirillo, Leticia; Rossato, Linda y Torresi, Ira (eds.). Non-professional interpreting and translation. State of the art and future of an emerging field of research. Ámsterdam/Filadefia: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.129.17tor
Tse, Lucy (1995). «Language brokering among Latino adolescents: Prevalence, attitudes, and school performance». Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 17 (2), 180-193. https://doi.org/10.1177/07399863950172003
Ugarte Ballester, Xus y Vargas-Urpí, Mireia (2018). «La interpretación en los servicios públicos en Catalunya y las Illes Balears». En: Foulquié-Rubio, Ana-Isabel; Vargas-Urpí, Mireia y Fernández Pérez, Magdalena (eds.). Panorama de la traducción y la interpretación en los servicios públicos españoles. Una década de cambios, retos y oportunidades. Granada: Comares, 47-64.
Valdés, Guadalupe (2003). Expanding Definitions of Giftedness: The Case of Young Interpreters from Immigrant Families. Mahwah, N. J.: LEA.
Vertovec, Steven (2007). «Super-diversity and its implications». Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30 (6), 1.024-1.054. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870701599465
Weisskirch, Robert S. (2007). «Feelings about language brokering and family relations among Mexican American early adolescents». The Journal of Early Adolescence, 27, 545-561. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431607302935
Publicado
Descargas
Derechos de autor 2023 Mireia Vargas-Urpí, Aran Romero Moreno
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
